History Makers

Crac des Chevaliers

Builders:

The Castellan

Several castellans commanded Crac des Chevaliers over its construction and one masterminded its defence when the Muslim ruler Sultan Baybars laid siege in 1271.

Defenders:

The Castellan

Several castellans commanded Crac des Chevaliers over its construction and one masterminded its defence when the Muslim ruler Sultan Baybars laid siege in 1271.

Attackers:

Saladin

Saladin was the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, but there were limits to his power. Even he could not wrest control of Crac des Chevaliers from the Crusaders.

Sultan Baybars

Baybars laid siege to Crac des Chevaliers in 1271. He also unsuccessfully tried to kill the man who was to become Edward I of England.

Château Gaillard

Builders:

King Richard I

Richard I, popularly known as Richard the Lionheart, was responsible for the construction of Chateau Gaillard. 

Defenders:

King John

Known as Lackland and Softsword, John was king when the French laid siege to Chateau Gaillard.

Roger de Lacy

King John made de Lacy the protector of Chateau Gaillard during his first war with King Philip of France.

Attackers:

Philip Augustus

Philip laid siege to Chateau Gaillard in 1203-1204. His son, Prince Louis, attacked Dover Castle in 1216.

Dover

Builders:

King Henry II

An energetic and intelligent man, Henry commissioned numerous castles and protections throughout his Kingdom. One of the most famous of these is Dover Castle.

Maurice

After Dover Castle was commissioned by Henry II, Maurice designed its legendary keep and oversaw much of the castle’s construction. 

Defenders:

King John

Known as Lackland and Softsword, John was king when the French laid siege to Chateau Gaillard.

Hubert de Burgh

De Burgh, noted for his prowess in defending against sieges, was commander of Dover Castle and its garrison when Prince Louis of France attacked in 1216.

Attackers:

Prince Louis

Philip invaded England and laid siege to Dover Castle in 1216 at the behest of the Barons to unseat John and claim the Kingdom for his own.

Conwy

Builders:

Edward 1

Edward built the Iron Ring of castles in northern Wales. He was at Conwy Castle when Welsh forces attacked during the rebellion of 1294-95.

Master James of St. George

Master James of Saint George used a combination of building techniques to raise Conwy Castle and the others that form Edward I’s Iron Ring in northern Wales. 

Defenders:

Edward 1

Edward built the Iron Ring of castles in northern Wales. He was at Conwy Castle when Welsh forces attacked during the rebellion of 1294-95.

Attackers:

Madog ap Llywelyn

Madog led his army of Welsh rebels to a number of successful battles and even besieged the English King at Conwy during the uprising of 1294-95. 

Malbork

Builders:

The Grand Master

In a bid to dominate the Baltic the Grand Masters of the Teotonic Order built Malbork Castle and then fought against enemies hailing from Poland and Lithuania. 

Defenders:

The Grand Master

In a bid to dominate the Baltic the Grand Masters of the Teotonic Order built Malbork Castle and then fought against enemies hailing from Poland and Lithuania. 

Heinrich von Plauen

Von Plauen and his impromptu garrison defended Malbork (Marienburg) Castle against the combined forces of Poland and Lithuania during the siege of 1410. 

Attackers:

Jagiello, King of Poland

In 1410 Jagiello and the Grand Duke of Lithuania met the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg then attacked Malbork (Marienburg), their mightiest castle.

Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania

In 1410 the Grand Duke and the King of Poland met the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg then attacked Malbork (Marienburg), their mightiest castle.

Malaga

Builders:

Yusuf I

Yusuf is credited with building Malaga’s Gibralfaro Castle and the ingenious passageway that connects it to the Alcazaba. 

Defenders:

Hamet el Zegri

Hamet gambled everything on defending the city of Malaga against the onslaught of Christian forces led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1487. 

Attackers:

King Ferdinand

Ferdinand and his Christian army attacked the Muslim-held city of Malaga in 1487. The clash would go down in history as an incredibly cruel and bloody siege. 

Queen Isabella

Isabella and her ladies of the court joined husband Ferdinand on the battlefield in the 1487 siege of the Muslim-held city of Malaga during the Reconquista.

Marquis of Cadiz

The Marquis bombarded Malaga’s Gibralfaro Castle in 1487 during a bloody siege led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in their bid to finish the Reconquista.